The Global Biodiversity Framework

The historic agreement followed four years of negotiations between countries. It aims to achieve a world living in harmony with nature by 2050. It was adopted at the CBD’s fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Montreal, Canada, under the Presidency of the People’s Republic of China. It replaces the CBD’s previous Aichi Targets for 2020.

The GBF aims to spur everyone to urgent action, to halt and reverse biodiversity loss and put nature on a path to recovery by 2030.

196 countries have agreed to work together to achieve the GBF.  Each country considers their own national circumstances and biodiversity priorities in how they contribute.

To view the official text of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework see CBD decision 15/4 (PDF, 323K)

Global biodiversity goals and targets

The GBF sets out four outcome goals for 2050 and 23 action-oriented global targets for 2030.

The GBF’s 23 global targets are grouped into three key areas:

1. Reducing threats to biodiversity
2. Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing
3. Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming

GBF 2050 goals

GBF 2030 global targets

Countries are to set national targets

All countries have committed to setting national targets and updating their National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAP) to align with the GBF.

National targets set out each country’s intended contributions towards the global targets for 2030. These targets reflect each country’s national circumstances and biodiversity priorities.

National target setting in the CBD's Decision 15/6 (WORD, 122K)

New Zealand’s response to the Global Biodiversity Framework

New Zealand will respond to the Global Biodiversity Framework in two phases:

• Phase 1 – Submission of national targets to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• Phase 2 – Submission of a revised National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP).

New Zealand submitted thirteen national targets to the Convention on 7 October 2024. The national targets are based on the thirteen objectives of the Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy (ANZBS), adjusted for the New Zealand Government’s current priorities.

New Zealand’s national biodiversity targets

New Zealand’s current National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan under the CBD consists of the ANZBS, and its implementation plan. The ANZBS was published in 2020. The next ANZBS Implementation Plan will be submitted to the CBD once finalised and will sit alongside the existing ANZBS.

At the 15th CBD Conference of the Parties (COP15), all Parties were asked to submit an updated or revised NBSAP aligned with the GBF, by COP16. Alternatively, Parties could submit national targets and related information by COP16 through the CBD’s online portal, and then submit their updated NBSAP at a later date.

The New Zealand Government submitted 13 national targets to the CBD on 7 October 2024, in advance of the COP. The national targets comprise a large part of New Zealand’s contribution to the GBF, and to halting and reversing biodiversity loss by 2030. They are made up of the thirteen objectives of the ANZBS and their underpinning goals.

The goals have been adjusted to reflect Government priorities and resources.

View New Zealand's national targets contributing to the Global Biodiversity Framework (PDF, 340K)

Further information about these targets can be found on the CBD website.

Everyone can contribute to the GBF

The GBF is a framework for all – for the whole of government and the whole of society. Its success relies on action and cooperation by all levels of government and by all of society.

Everyone is invited to develop their own voluntary commitments contributing to national biodiversity strategies and actions plans (NBSAPs) and the GBF. 

Recognising the rights and interests of indigenous peoples

The GBF reinforces the importance of recognising and respecting indigenous peoples’ rights worldwide. It calls on the world to respect and give effect to the rights of indigenous peoples in the implementation of the GBF. The framework also recognises the world views and values of indigenous peoples. This includes recognising the concept of the rights of nature. It is the first multilateral agreement to do so.

Tracking progress towards the GBF

International reporting and review requirements have been strengthened under the GBF. Countries will be required to report nationally against a common set of global biodiversity indicators. These will be used to track progress towards the global goals and targets.

In 2026 and 2030, the world will also take stock of our collective progress towards the global targets.

Monitoring Framework for the GBF

The monitoring framework for the GBF sets out agreed indicators for national, regional and global monitoring. It also identifies more detailed optional indicators. The monitoring framework will provide information on how the world is faring in achieving the global goals and targets. It will help countries to develop more effective national biodiversity monitoring systems. The GBF monitoring framework will continue to be developed and enhanced in the coming years.

New Zealand’s monitoring framework

New Zealand is required to monitor and report on New Zealand’s implementation of the Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy, and how our efforts are contributing to the global biodiversity goals and targets using the GBF’s national monitoring indicators.

New Zealand will use the Outcome Monitoring Framework for biodiversity (OMF), developed by central and regional government, to monitor and report on our outcomes.

Read more about our international commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity.